To investigate which aspects of contemporary human Y-chromosome variation in Europe are characteristic of primary colonization, late-glacial expansions from refuge areas, Neolithic dispersals or more recent events in gene flow haplogroup I was analyzed.The analysis of Hg I Y chromosomes revealed several sub-clades with distinct geographic distribut

The relevance of this study is due to the lack of an effective mechanism to combat torture in Ukraine and an insufficiently effective system of prevention and protection against torture, which creates an atmosphere of impunity and leads to the spread of this phenomenon in Ukraine.The purpose of the article is to explore the problematic aspects of l

Many plant pathogenic bacteria suppress host defenses by secreting small molecule toxins or immune-suppressing proteins into host cells, processes that likely require close physical contact between pathogen and host.Yet, in most cases, little is known about whether phytopathogenic bacteria physically attach to host surfaces during infection.Here we

The data article presents the data acquired by an Instrumented Steering Wheel, able to measure the three force components and the three moment components applied by each of the two driver hands on an Instrumented Steering Wheel (ISW).Additionally, the ISW senses the grip forces at each hand.In order to simulate emergency manoeuvres in a safe enviro

Introduction: Currently, there is no consensus whether timing, fracture displacement & union of pathological fractures affects outcomes in patients with osteosarcoma of the extremities.Material and methods: A systematic review was conducted to assess the impact of fracture timing, displacement, and Dummy Launcher union on oncologic outcomes in